Abdij fan Echternach: ferskil tusken ferzjes

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Rigel 8:
[[Ofbyld:Iechternach Basilika.jpg|thumb|left|150px|The modern basilica in Echternach.]]
 
Lying on the [[Sauer|RiverRivier Sauer]], Echternach had been the site of a 1st1e centuryieu [[RomanRomeinske EmpireRyk|Roman]] villa. By the 6th century, the estate at Echternach had passed into the hands of the [[see of Trier]], which had constructed a small monastery on the estate. InYn [[698]], [[Irmine]], daughter of [[Dagobert II]], granted the [[Northumbria]]n [[missionary]] Willibrord, [[Bishop of Utrecht]], land at Echternach to build a larger monastery, appointing Willibrord as [[abbot]]. In part, the choice was due to Willibrord's reputation as a talented proselytiser (he is known as the ''Apostle to the [[Frisians]]''), and, in part, due to the danger posed to his see of Utrecht by [[Paganism|pagan]] Frisian raiders. Echternach would be the first [[Anglo-Saxon mission|Anglo-Saxon]] monasterykleaster in [[continental Europe]].
 
Willibrord opened the first church at Echternach in [[700]] with financial backing from [[Pepin of Herstal]]. Continuing this connection, Pepin's son, [[Charles Martel]], founder of the [[Carolingian]] dynasty, had his son [[PepinPepyn thede ShortKoarte]] [[baptismbaptisme|baptised]] at Echternach in [[714]]. In addition to Carolingian support, Willibrord's abbey at Echternach had the backing of [[Wilfrid]], with whom he had served at [[Ripon]]. Furthermore, Willibrord successfully overcame the stridently anti-Irish bias of Wilfrid, and secured the backing of many Irish monks, who would become the backbone for the first settlement at Echternach.
 
Willibrord spent much time at Echternach, especially after the sacking of [[UtrechtUtert (citystêd)|Utrecht]] in [[716]], and died there in [[739]]. Willibrord was interred in the [[Oratory (worship)|oratory]], which soon became a place of [[pilgrimage]], particularly after he was [[Canonization|canonised]]. In [[751]], Pepin raised the Abbey of Echternach to status of 'royal abbey', and granted it [[Sovereign immunity|immunity]]. Around the walls of the abbey, a town grew up that would soon became one of the largest and most prosperous in Luxembourg.
 
===Carolingian Renaissance===
[[Beornrad fan Echternach|Beornrad]], the third abbot of Echternach, was a great favourite of [[Karel de Grutte]], and was promoted to Archbishop of Sens in [[785]]. When Beornrad died, in [[797]], Charlemagne took direct control of the abbey for a year.
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The work of the monks at the abbey was heavily influenced by Willibrord's roots in the [[BritishBritske Isles]]eilannen, where a great emphasis was put on [[kodeks|codices]], and Echternach developed one of the most important [[scriptorium|scriptoria]] in the [[FrankishFrankyske EmpireRyk]]. The abbey at Echternach produced four [[gospel]]s (in order of production): the [[Augsburg Gospels]], [[MaeseyckEvangeeljen Gospelsfan Maeseyck]], [[TrierEvangeeljen Gospelsfan Trier]], and the [[Freiburg Gospel Book Fragment]].
 
Manuscripts produced at Echternach are known to have been in both [[insular script|insular]] and [[Roman half uncial]] script. As Echternach was so prolific, and enjoyed the patronage of, and aggrandisement by, Pepin the Short and Charlemagne, it played a crucial role in the development of the early [[Carolingian Renaissance]]. Seeing the work of the abbey at Echternach at taming the native German script, and eager to further the reform, Charlemagne sent for [[Alcuin]], to establish a scriptorium at [[Aix-la-Chapelle]]. Alcuin synthesised the two styles into the standard [[Carolingian minuscule]], which predominated for the next four centuries.
 
The early 9th9e centuryieu was the heyday of the abbeyabdij, as it enjoyed power, both spiritual and temporal. However, this was all guaranteed only by the Carolingians. When the authority of the centralised Frankish state collapsed during the [[civil war]]s under [[LouisLoadewyk thede PiousFromme]], so too did the power of the abbey. In [[847]], the Benedictine monks were ejected and replaced by [[Laity|lay]]-abbots.
 
===ReturnWeromkommen offan thede BenedictineBenediktiner Monksmuontsen===
[[File:Codex aureus Epternacensis folio 24 2.jpg|thumb|TextSide pagefan from thede [[CodexKodeks Aureus offan Echternach]]]]
The fortunes of the abbey continued to flux with the fortunes of the [[HolyHillige RomanRoomske EmpireRyk]]. When [[Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto the Great]] reunited the Empire, he sought to rejuvenate the intellectual and religious life of his dominions, including Echternach. In [[971]], he restored the Benedictine to Echternach with forty monks of that order from Trier. The abbey entered a second Golden Age, as it once again became one of [[northern Europe]]'s most influential abbeys. The [[Codex Aureus of Echternach]], an important surviving codex written entirely in gold ink was produced here in the eleventh century.
 
== Tsjerken ==