Fruchtbere Healmoanne: ferskil tusken ferzjes

== Cosmopolitan diffusion ==

Modern analyses<ref name="PNAS">C. Loring Brace, Noriko Seguchi, Conrad B. Quintyn, Sherry C. Fox, A. Russell Nelson, Sotiris K. Manolis, and Pan Qifeng, "The questionable contribution of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age to European craniofacial form," in [[PNAS|Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]] of the [[USA]] (Jan. 3, 2006). Vol. 103, No. 1, pp. 242-247. [http://www.pnas.org/content/103/1/242.full] [http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0509801102 doi: 10.1073/pnas.0509801102]</ref><ref>F. X. Ricaut, M. Waelkens, "Cranial Discrete Traits in a Byzantine Population and Eastern Mediterranean Population Movements," in [[Human Biology]], [[Wayne State University Press]] (Aug. 2008). Vol. 80, Issue 5, pp. 535-564. [http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.3378/1534-6617-80.5.535] [http://dx.doi.org/10.3378/1534-6617-80.5.535 doi: 10.3378/1534-6617-80.5.535]</ref> comparing 24 craniofacial measurements reveal a predominantly cosmopolitan population within the pre-[[Neolithic]], [[Neolitikum]] and [[Brûnstiid]] Fertile Crescent,<ref name="PNAS" /> supporting the view that a diverse population of peoples occupied this region during these time periods.<ref name="PNAS" /> In particular, evidence demonstrates a strong [[Sub-Saharan Africa]]n presence within the region, especially among the [[Epipalaeolithic]] [[Natufian culture|NatufianNatufians]]s of [[Israel]].<ref name="PNAS" /><ref>Barker G (2002) Transitions to farming and pastoralism in North Africa, in Bellwood P, Renfrew C (2002), ''Examining the Farming/Language Dispersal Hypothesis'', pp 151–161.</ref><ref>Bar-Yosef O (1987) Pleistocene connections between Africa and SouthWest Asia: an archaeological perspective. ''The African Archaeological Review''; Chapter 5, pg 29-38</ref><ref>Kislev ME, Hartmann A, Bar-Yosef O (2006) Early domesticated fig in the Jordan Valley. ''Nature'' 312:1372–1374.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lancaster|first=Andrew|year=2009|url=http://www.jogg.info/51/files/Lancaster.pdf|journal=Journal of Genetic Genealogy|volume=5|issue=1|title=Y Haplogroups, Archaeological Cultures and Language Families: a Review of the Multidisciplinary Comparisons using the case of E-M35}}</ref><ref>Findings include remains of food items carried to the [[Levant]] from [[Afrika]] —— [[Parthenocarpic]] [[ficus|figfigs]]s (please refer to prior reference: Kislev, Hartmann, Bar-Yosef, ''Nature,'' 2006) and [[Nile]] [[shellfish]] (please refer to [[Natufian culture#Long distance exchange]]).</ref> Similar arguments do not hold true, however, for the [[Basque people|BasqueBasques]]s and [[Canary Island]]ers of the same time period, as the studies demonstrate those ancient peoples to be "clearly associated with modern Europeans."<ref name="PNAS" /> Additionally no evidence from the studies demonstrates [[Cro-Magnon]] influences, contrary to former suggestions.<ref name="PNAS" />

[[simple:Fertile crescentCrescent]]