Erich Maria Remarque: ferskil tusken ferzjes

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Rigel 11:
Yn 1924 begûn er syn fan Remarque te skriuwen, dat al de familynamme wie oant syn pake it yn de 19e ieu feroare ta Remark. De midsnamme 'Maria' brûkte er sûnt novimber 1922. Hy hie ferskate baantsjes, ûnder oaren wie er bibletekaris, sakeman, learaar, sjoernalist en redakteur. Syn earste betelle wurk wie foar Continental AG, in Dútske bannefabryk. Syn houlik mei de aktrise Ilse Jutta Zambona yn 1925 wie net goed, beide wiene ûntrou. Nei't sy út elkoar wiene, wertrouden se yn 1938.
 
Yn 1927 kaam Remarque syn roman ''Station am Horizont'' út yn de foarm fan in fuljeton yn it sportblêd "Sport im Bild" dêr't er doe foar wurke. Earst yn 1998 kaam it yn boekfoarm út. Syn meast bekende wurk, ''Im Westen nichts Neues'' skreau er yn in pear moanne yn 1927, mar Remarque koe net fuortendaliks in útjouwer fine. TheDe novelroman, publishedpyblisearre inyn 1929, describedseskriuwt thede experiencesûnderfinings offan GermanDútske soldierssoldaten duringyn Worldde War[[Earste IWrâldkriich]]. ANeikommende numberromans ofbeskriuwe similarit workswederwarichheden followed;fan inde simple, emotive language they described wartime andfeteranen thenei postwarde yearskriich.
 
InNei 1931,it afterdienmeitsjen finishingfan ''Der Weg zurück'' Remarqueyn left1931, Germanyferliet Remarque Dútslân. HeHy boughtkocht ain filla yn Porto Ronco inyn Switserlân anden livedwenne bothdêr thereen and inyn Frankryk untiloant 1939, whenit hejier leftdat Europeer formei thesyn Unitedfrou Statesnei ofde AmericaFeriene withSteaten his wifeferfarde. TheySy becamewaarden [[naturalizedsteatsboarger citizen]]sfan ofde theFS United States inyn 1947.
 
InYn 1933, theferbaarnden de [[Nazisme|NazisNazys]] bannedRemarque andsyn publiclywurk burnedyn Remarque'sit worksiepenbier anden producedwoenen propagandahawwe claimingdat thater hein wasneisiet afan descendantFrânske ofjoaden Frenchwie Jewsen anddat thatsyn hiswiere real last name wasnamme Kramer, a Jewish-sounding name(Remark, andoarsom hisstavere) original name spelled backwardswie. ThisGuon isbiografyen stilljouwe stateddat innoch, somehoewol't biographiesder despitegjin thebewiis completefoar lack of evidenceis.{{Citation needed|date=November 2010}} TheDe Nazis alsoseine claimed,teffens despitedat contraryer evidence,nea thattsjinne hehie hadyn never seen active service during World WarWO I. InYn 1943 thewaard Nazissyn arrested his sistersuster Elfriede Scholz arrestearre, whody't hadyn stayedmei behindman inen Germanybern withyn herDútslân husbandbleaun andwie. twoNei children.in Afterkoart aproses short trialyn in the "[[Volksgerichtshof]]" (Hitler'swaard extra-constitutionalsy "People'sskuldich Court")achte sheoan wasit found"ûndermynjen guiltyfan ofde moraal"undermining morale"omdat forsy statingde thatoarloch shedoe consideredal theas warferlern lostbeskôge. Court PresidentRjochter [[Roland Freisler]] declared,ferklearre: "''Ihr Bruder ist uns leider entwischt—Sie aber werden uns nicht entwischen''." ("Your brother has unfortunately escaped us—you, however, will not escape us"). Elfriede Scholz waswaard decapitatedûnthalze bytroch de [[guillotine]] onop 16 Decemberdesimber 1943.<ref>
 
Remarque's next novel, ''Drei Kamerade'' spans the years of the [[Weimar Republic]], from the [[Inflation in the Weimar Republic|hyperinflation of 1923]] to the end of the decade. Remarque's fourth novel, ''Flotsam'' (in German titled ''Liebe deinen Nächsten,''), first appeared in a serial version in English translation in ''Collier's'' magazine in 1939, and Remarque spent another year revising the text for its book publication in 1941, both in English and German. His next novel ''Arch of Triumph'', first published in 1945 in English oersetting, and published in Dútsk as ''Arc de Triomphe'' in 1946, was another instant best-seller and reached worldwide sales of nearly five million.
Remarque syn folgende roman, ''Drei Kamerade'', bestrykt de jierren fan de [[Weimar Republyk]], fan de hyperynflaasje fan 1923 oant de ein fan dat desinium. Remarque's syn fjirde roman, ''Flotsam'' (Dútsk: ''Liebe deinen Nächsten,''), ferskynde oerset yn it Ingelsk, yn in rige yn ''Collier's'' magazine yn 1939; nei redaksje fan Remarque kaam it yn 1941 as boek út, yn it Ingelsk en Dútsk. De roman ''Arch of Triumph'', útbrocht yn 1945 yn Ingelske oersetting en yn 1946 yn it Dútsk as ''Arc de Triomphe'', waard wer in ''bestseller'' dêr't sa'n fiif miljoen fan ferkocht waarden yn de wrâld.
 
In 1948 Remarque returned to Switserlân, where he spent the rest of his life. There was a gap of seven years—a long silence for Remarque—between ''Arch of Triumph'' and his next work, ''[[The Spark of Life]] (Der Funke Leben)'', which appeared both in German and in English in 1952. While he was writing ''The Spark of Life'' Remarque was also working on a novel, ''Zeit zu leben und Zeit zu sterben''. It was published first in English translation in 1954 with the not-quite-literal title ''A Time to Love and a Time to Die''. In 1958, [[Douglas Sirk]] directed the film ''A Time to Love and a Time to Die'' in Germany, based on Remarque syn roman. Remarque made a cameo appearance in the film in the rol fan the professor.
 
In 1955 Remarque wrote the screenplay for an Austrian movie, ''The Last Act (Der letzte Akt)'', aboutoer Hitler's finalsyn dayslêste indagen theyn de [[Führerbunker|bunker]] offan thede [[Rykskaneselarij]] inyn Berlyn, which was based on the book ''Ten Days to Die'' (1950) by [[Michael Musmanno]]. In 1956 Remarque wrote a drama for the stage, ''Die letzte Station'', which played successfully in both Germany and on Broadway. An English translation was published in 1974. ''[[Heaven Has No Favorites]]'' was serialized (as ''Borrowed Life'') in 1959 before appearing as a book in 1961 and was made into the 1977 movie [[Bobby Deerfield]]. ''Die Nacht von Lissabon'', published in 1962 is the last work Remarque finished. The novel sold some 900,000 copies in Germany and was a modest best-seller abroad as well.
 
Remarque troudesyn houlik mei de [[Hollywood]]aktrise [[Paulette Goddard]] inyn 1958 andduorre theyoant remainedsyn marrieddea untilmei his72 deathjier yn in asikehûs hospital atyn Locarno onop 25 Septemberseptimber 1970 at the age of 72.<ref>Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 56: German Fiction Writers, 1914–1945. A Bruccoli Clark Layman Book. Edited by James Hardin, University of South Carolina. The Gale Group, 1987. pp. 222–241.</ref> He was interred in the Ronco cemetery in [[Ronco sopra Ascona|Ronco]], [[Ticino]], Switzerland, after a Catholic funeral. Goddard is also interred there. Goddard left a bequest of $20 million to [[New York University]] to fund an institute for European studies, which is named after Remarque. The first Director of The Remarque Institute was Professor [[Tony Judt]]. The Erich Maria Remarque Papers are housed in the [[Fales Library]] at [[NYU]].
 
== Wurk ==