Atlantikwall: ferskil tusken ferzjes
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[[Ofbyld:Atlantikwall.gif|thumb|De Atlantikwall (grien)]]
[[Image:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-292-1276-12, Nordfrankreich, Atlantikwall, Bunkerbau.jpg|thumb|right|Fortifikaasje yn Noard Frankryk]]
[[Image:Søndervig, Denmark, Deutsche Bunker Atlantikwall 8408.jpg|thumb|right|Dútske bunker yn [[Søndervig]] yn Denemark]]
[[Image:Longues-sur-Mer Battery.jpg|thumb|right|Dútske bunkers by [[Longues-sur-Mer]] yn Frakryk]]
De '''Atlantikwall''' ([[Frysk]]: ''Atlantyske muorre'') wie in 2685 kilometer lange ferdigeningsliny, de westkusten fan Europa by lâns, dy't de [[Nazi-Dútslân|Dútsers]] yn de [[Twadde Wrâldkriich]], tusken [[1942]] en [[1944]], oanleinen om in [[Alliearden|alliearde]] ynvaazje foar te kommen.
De ferdigeningsliny, dy't oars nea hielendal klear kaam, bestie út [[bunker]]s, kanonnen en minefjilden.
== Skiednis ==
On 23 maart 1942 Führer Directive Number 40 called for the official creation of the Atlantikwall. Nei de [[oanfal op St. Nazaire]], op 13 april 1942 [[Adolf Hitler]] ordered naval and submarine bases to be heavily defended. Fortifications remained concentrated around ports until late in 1943 when defences were increased in other areas.<ref>Kaufmann JE, Kaufmann HW: "Fortress third Reich", s. 196–197. DA Capo Press, 2003.</ref>
[[Organisation Todt]], which had designed the [[Siegfriedliny]] (''Westwall'') along the [[Frankryk|Frânsk]]-Dútske grins, was the chief engineering group responsible for the design and construction of the wall's major fortifications. Thousands of forced laborers were [[impressment|impressed]] to construct these permanent fortifications along the [[Nederlân]]ske, [[Belgje|Belgyske]] en [[Frankryk|Frânske]] coasts facing the [[It Kanaal]].
Ier yn 1944 waard fjildmaarskalk [[Erwin Rommel]] was assigned to improve the Wall's defences. Rommel believed the existing coastal fortifikaasjes were entirely inadequate and he immediately began strengthening them. Under his direction, a string of [[bunker]]s fan wapene beton were built along the beaches, or sometimes slightly inland, to house [[masinegewear]]en, [[antitankgeskut]] en lichte artillery. Minen en antitank obstacles were planted on the beaches themselves, and underwater obstacles and [[Seemyn|minen]] were placed in waters just off shore. The intent was to destroy the Allied [[lâningsboat]]en before they could unload.
By the time of the [[Normandy Landings|ynvaazje]], the Germans had laid almost six million mines in northern France. More gun emplacements and minefields extended inland, along roads leading away from the beaches. In likely landing spots for [[military glider|glider]]s and [[paratroop|parachutists]], the Germans emplaced slanted poles with sharpened tops, which the troops called ''[[Rommelspargel]]'' ("Rommel syn asperzjes"). Low-lying river and [[estuarium|estuarine]] areas were permanently flooded, as well.
Rommel firmly believed that Dútslân would inevitably be defeated unless the invasion could be stopped at the beach.
Hoewol't it ferdigeningswurk nea klear kaam is the Wall's existence has served to explain away concerns of the Soviet Union for why the [[D-Day|Twadde Front]] was not opened until [[6 juny]] [[1944]] (noch gjin jier foar de ein fan de kriich op [[8 maaie]] [[1945]]). The Wall primarily consisted of artillery batterijen, [[bunker]]s, en minefjilden, which during 1942–1944, stretched from the Frânsk-[[Spanje|Spaanske]] grins nei [[Noarwegen]] (''Festung Norwegen''). Many bunkers still exist, for example near [[Skeveningen]], [[De Haach]], [[Katwijk]] and in [[Normandje]]. In [[Oostende]], [[Belgje]] the public may visit a well-preserved part of the defences. That section consists of emplacements of the "Saltzwedel neu battery" and the "Stützpunkt Bensberg", consisting of several men’s quarters and the necessary facilities. These constructions were used by a unit of German military engineers (''Pionierstab'') who were in charge of bunker construction.
The [[Kanaaleilannen]] were heavily fortified, particularly the island of [[Alderney]] which is closest to France. Hitler had decreed that 10% of the steel and concrete used in the Atlantic Wall go to the Channel Islands, because of the propaganda value of controlling [[Feriene Keninkryk|Britsk]] territory. Despite the mooting of ''Operaration Constellation'' ''et al.'', the [[Alliearden]] bypassed the islands and did not try to liberate them when they invaded Normandy. The islands' German garrisons did not surrender until 9 May 1945 – one day after [[Victory in Europe Day|the German armed forces on the mainland]]. The [[Dútslân|Dútske]] garnisoen op Alderney did not surrender until 16 maaie 1945.
[[Walcheren]] was considered to be the "strongest concentration of defences the [[Nazy]]s had ever constructed."
== Keppelings om utens ==
Line 11 ⟶ 33:
*[http://www.festungeuropa.nl/ ''Festung Europa'': Bunkers fan de Atlantikwall oardere op lân en op legergroep]
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