Adam Laksman: ferskil tusken ferzjes
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== Ekspedysje nei Japan (1792)==
[[File:Kodayu-Isokichi Two Japanese casteways returned by Laxman 1792.jpg|thumb|left|[[Daikokuya Kōdayū]] (大黒屋光太夫) en Isokichi (磯吉): de Japanske skipbreklingen dy't Adam Laxman yn 1792 werobrocht]]
Laxman lâne op [[Hokkaido]] yn oktober 1792 en moete dêr leden fan de [[Matsumae-clan]], dy't belêstige wiene mei de ferdigening fan Japans noardlike grinzen. Oars as eardere bûtenlanners waard Laksman gastfrij ûnfongen. Dat feroare lykwols doe't er easke om de skipbreklingen persoanlik nei [[Edo]] (it [[Tokyo]] fan no) te bringen.
Oddly, despite his impudence, Laxman was granted lavish Western-style living quarters; they were allowed to ignore the custom of kneeling and bowing before the Shogun's envoys, and were bestowed three samurai swords, and a hundred bags of rice. The envoys then explained to him that Japanese law demanded that all foreign trade be performed at [[Nagasaky]]. Since he had come to return castaways, they explained, he would be allowed to leave peacefully. When Laxman refused to leave without a trade agreement, he was provided with papers that explicitly stated that Nagasaki would welcome one Russian ship, that foreign ships were not allowed to dock anywhere else in the country, and that Christianity would also not be tolerated anywhere in Japan.<ref>A. A. Preobrazhensky, “Pervoe Russkoe Posolstvo v Iaponiiu” ('De earste Russyske missy nei Japan'), ''Istoricheskii Arkhiv,'' vol. 7, no. 4, 1961, s. 115–148.</ref>
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