In gearspanningsteory of komplotteory is in opfetting fan in bepaald foarfal of situaasje op sosjaal, ekonomysk en polityk mêd[2] as in resultaat fan in gearspanning dêr't sinistere en machtige groepen by belutsen binne, wannear't oare opfettings earder mooglik binne[3]. In gearspanningsteory hat in negative lading, om't it grûnwurk dêrfan op foaroardielen en net genôch bewiis leit.
Gearspanningsteoryen wjersteane ferfalsking en wurde fersterke troch sirkelredenearing: sawol bewizen tsjin de gearspanning as ôfwêzichheid fan bewizen derfoar wurde fannijs ynterpretearre as bewizen foar de wierheid derfan, wat derop delkomt dat de gearspanning earder in leauwe is, as dat it bewiisd of ûntkend wurde kin[4]. Undersyk hat sjen litten dat it tinken fan gearspanningsteoryen skealik of patologysk[5] wêze kin, en besibbe is oan psychologyske projeksje, erchtinkendheid en Machiavellianisme[6]. Psychologen ferwize in gearspanning, dêr't er net ien is, oan in psychysk fenomeen, apofeny[7].
Gearspanningsteoryen wiene eartiids beheind ta in lyts publyk, mar hawwe hjoed-de-dei in grut plak ynnommen yn de media, en woeksen út ta in kultureel fenomeen yn de lette tweintichste en iere ienentweintichste iuw[14]. Hja binne wiid ferspraat oer gâns de wrâld en wurde gauris leaud, sels yn guon lannen troch it grutste part fan de befolking[15]. Om gearspanningsteoryen tefoaren te kommen kinne it hanthavenjen fan in iepen maatskippij en it ferbetterjen fan it analysearjende tinken fan it generale publyk bydrage[16].
↑Issitt, Micah; Main, Carlyn (2014). Hidden Religion: The Greatest Mysteries and Symbols of the World's Religious Beliefs. ABC-CLIO. siden 47–49. ISBN 978-1-61069-478-0.
↑Goertzel, T (desimber 1994). Belief in conspiracy theories. Political Psychology. 15 (4): 731–742. explanations for important events that involve secret plots by powerful and malevolent groups
↑Brotherton, Robert; French, Christopher C.; Pickering, Alan D. (2013). Measuring Belief in Conspiracy Theories: The Generic Conspiracist Beliefs Scale. Frontiers in Psychology. 4: 279. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00279. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 3659314. PMID 23734136. S2CID 16685781. A conspiracist belief can be described as "the unnecessary assumption of conspiracy when other explanations are more probable".
↑Barkun, Michael (2003). A Culture of Conspiracy: Apocalyptic Visions in Contemporary America. Berkeley: University of California Press. siden 3–4.
↑Freeman, Daniel; Bentall, Richard P. (29 maart 2017). The concomitants of conspiracy concerns. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 52 (5): 595–604.
↑Douglas, Karen M.; Sutton, Robbie M. (12 april 2011). Does it take one to know one? Endorsement of conspiracy theories is influenced by personal willingness to conspire (PDF). British Journal of Social Psychology. 10 (3): Fernije printinge fan 3 novimber 2018 (PDF) fan de oarspronklike ferzje. Oproppen 28 desimber 2018.
↑Dean, Signe (23 oktober 2017). Conspiracy Theorists Really Do See The World Differently, New Study Shows. Science Alert. Oproppen 17 June 2020.
↑Douglas, Karen M.; Uscinski, Joseph E.; Sutton, Robbie M.; Cichocka, Aleksandra; Nefes, Turkay; Ang, Chee Siang; Deravi, Farzin (2019). Understanding Conspiracy Theories. Political Psychology. 40
↑Göknar, Erdağ (2019). Conspiracy Theory in Turkey: Politics and Protest in the Age of "Post-Truth" by Julian de Medeiros (review). The Middle East Journal. 73 (2): 336–337. ISSN 1940-3461.
↑Simelela, Nono; Venter, W. D. Francois; Pillay, Yogan; Barron, Peter (2015). A Political and Social History of HIV in South Africa. Current HIV/AIDS Reports. 12 (2): 256–261
↑Glick, Michael; Booth, H. Austin (2014). Conspiracy ideation. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 145 (8): 798–799
↑Camp, Gregory S. (1997). Selling Fear: Conspiracy Theories and End-Times Paranoia. Commish Walsh.
↑van Prooijen, Jan-Willem; Douglas, Karen M. (2018). Belief in conspiracy theories: Basic principles of an emerging research domain. European Journal of Social Psychology. 48 (7): 897–908.
↑Sunstein, Cass R.; Vermeule, Adrian (2009). Conspiracy Theories: Causes and Cures. Journal of Political Philosophy. 17 (2): 202–227.