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Ofbyld:Human karyotype with bands and sub-bands.png

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English: Schematic and relatively language-neutral karyogram of a human. Even at low magnification, it gives an overview of the human genome, with numbered chromosome pairs, its main changes during the cell cycle (top center), and the mitochondrial genome to scale (at bottom left). High magnification (of full size version) more clearly depicts a scale to the left of each chromosome pair that shows the length in terms of million base pairs, and the scale to the right of each chromosome pair shows the designations of the bands and sub-bands. It shows darker and brighter regions as seen on G banding. Each row is vertically aligned at centromere level. The chromosomes are organized into the groups A to G in regard to size, position of the centromere and sometimes the presence of a chromosomal satellite. The chromosome copy numbers are those seen in G0 and G1 of the cell cycle, and at top center it also shows the state of the chromosome 3 pair in the metaphase of the cell cycle, after the synthesis of a copy of each chromosome. The karyogram shows:
- 22 homologous autosomal chromosome pairs
- Both the female (XX) and male (XY) versions of the two sex chromosomes (in green rectangle at bottom right).
- The human mitochondrial genome to scale (at bottom left).
  • Printing: For a regular printer, adjust to fill at least 2 x 2 pages (A4 or standard letter size) in portrait mode, and preferably print in color on photo paper. For poster printing, the suggested size is approximately 47.0 x 77.7 cm (18.5 x 30.6 inches). The pdf version is 20 x 32 inches.


    • Svenska: Schematiskt och relativt språkneutralt karyogram av människan. Även på låg förstoring ger den en översikt över det mänskliga genomet, med numrerade kromosompar, deras huvudsakliga förändringar under cellcykeln (överst i mitten), och mitokondriernas genom i samma skala (längst ner till vänster). Högre förstoring (av fullstorleksversionen) ger tydligare en skala till vänster om varje kromosompar som visar längden i form av miljoner baspar, och skalan till höger om varje kromosompar visar beteckningarna för band och sub-band. Den visar mörkare och ljusare områden som ses på G-banding (med Giemsa-färjning). Varje rad av kromosomer är justerat så att varje centromer ligger i samma nivå. Kromosomerna är organiserade i grupperna A till G med avseende på storlek, placering av centromeren och ibland närvaron av en kromosomsatellit. Antalet kromosomkopior är de som ses i G0 och G1 i cellcykeln. Karyogrammet visar:
    - 22 homologa autosomala kromosompar
    - Både den kvinnliga (XX) och den manliga (XY) versionen av de två könskromosomerna (i grön rektangel längst ner till höger).
    - Det mänskliga mitokondriella genomet i samma skala (längst ner till vänster).
    • Mer detaljerad beskrivning av detta karyogram finns på engelska Wikipedia: Wikipedia:Karyotype.
  • Utskrift: För en vanlig skrivare, justera till att fylla minst 2 x 2 sidor (A4) i stående läge. För affischtryck är en föreslagna storleken cirka 47.0 x 77.7 cm, och helst i färg på fotopapper. pdf-versionen är 20 x 32 tum (50.8 x 81.28 cm).
    • العربية: رسم بياني للشكل الخلوي المضاعف للصبغيات عند الإنسان، يبين تنظيم الجينوم البشري على هيئة صبغيات حتى قبل تكبير الصورة. يُظهر الرسم أزواج الصبغبات مرقمة، والتغييرات الرئيسة خلال دورة الخلية (في الأعلى والمركز)و علم الوراثة البشري الميتوكوندري (في الأسفل على اليسار). تصور تصويراً واضحاً الصورة بالدقة العالية المقياس الأيسر طول الأزواج الصبغية مقدراً بالمليون، فيما يظهر أيمن الزوجين الصبغيين تسميات العصابات والنطاقات الفرعية. يظهر مناطق أكثر قتامة وإشراقا كما يظهر في النطاق G. يتم محاذاة كل صف عموديا عند مستوى سنترومير. يتم تنظيم الكروموسومات في المجموعات من أ إلى ز فيما يتعلق بحجم وموقع السنترومير وأحيانا وجود قمر صناعي كروموسومي. أرقام نسخ الكروموسوم هي تلك التي تظهر في G0, G1 من دورة الخلية، وفي المركز العلوي يظهر أيضا حالة زوج الكروموسوم 3 في الطور لدورة الخلية ، بعد تخليق نسخة من كل كروموسوم. يظهر مخطط كاريوجرام:22 متماثل جسمي أزواج كروموسوم - كلا النسختين الأنثوية (س س) والذكور (س ع) من الاثنين كروموسوم جنسي (في مستطيل أخضر في أسفل اليمين).- الجينوم الميتوكوندريا البشرية لتوسيع نطاق (في أسفل اليسار).


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    Eigen wurk, integrating the following Public Domain pictures:

    Animal Cell.svg by Kelvin Ma (for mitochondrial localization)

    The purple hue for the chromosomes and cell nuclei was digitally sampled from the following image:

    Auteur
    Mikael Häggström, M.D. Author info
    - Reusing images
    - Conflicts of interest:
      None
    Mikael Häggström, M.D.
    - The work integrates Public Domain source images by Was A Bee, Kelvin Ma and Michał Komorniczak
    - Also, a special acknowledgement to everyone involved in the Human Genome Project for generating the source data.
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    The person who associated a work with this deed has dedicated the work to the public domain by waiving all of their rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law. You can copy, modify, distribute and perform the work, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.

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    Schematic karyogram of a human. Even at low magnification, it gives an overview of the human genome, with numbered chromosome pairs, its main changes during the cell cycle (top center) and the mitochondrial genome to scale (at bottom left).

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    depicts Ingelsk

    karyogram Ingelsk

    inception Ingelsk

    20 nov 2022

    media type Ingelsk

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    (nijste | âldste) Besjoch (10 nijer | ) (10 | 20 | 50 | 100 | 250 | 500)
    Datum/TiidMiniatuerôfmjittingsMeidoggerOpmerking
    lêste20 apr 2024, 16.59Miniatuer foar de ferzje fan 20 apr 2024 om 16.599.684 × 16.008 (9,58 MB)Obscure2020The file was previously encoded as RGBA, which unnecessarily inflated the file size, because the image is completely opqaue. I have corrected the image to RGB with the help of OxiPNG.
    7 feb 2023, 05.43Miniatuer foar de ferzje fan 7 feb 2023 om 05.439.684 × 16.008 (11,83 MB)Mikael HäggströmMinor adjustments
    6 feb 2023, 03.06Miniatuer foar de ferzje fan 6 feb 2023 om 03.069.684 × 16.008 (11,83 MB)Mikael HäggströmRemoved excessive margins
    6 feb 2023, 03.03Miniatuer foar de ferzje fan 6 feb 2023 om 03.0311.600 × 17.789 (12,1 MB)Mikael HäggströmTiny adjustment
    5 feb 2023, 04.26Miniatuer foar de ferzje fan 5 feb 2023 om 04.269.684 × 16.008 (11,83 MB)Mikael HäggströmSlight reduction in size without affecting relevant information
    9 jan 2023, 06.04Miniatuer foar de ferzje fan 9 jan 2023 om 06.0413.887 × 22.956 (18,88 MB)Mikael HäggströmSame gray hue
    9 jan 2023, 05.51Miniatuer foar de ferzje fan 9 jan 2023 om 05.5113.887 × 22.956 (18,88 MB)Mikael HäggströmSwitched to grey around chromosomes and white around. Some other adjustments
    30 des 2022, 06.11Miniatuer foar de ferzje fan 30 des 2022 om 06.1113.887 × 22.956 (20,04 MB)Mikael HäggströmMinor adjustments
    28 des 2022, 05.40Miniatuer foar de ferzje fan 28 des 2022 om 05.4013.887 × 22.956 (20,04 MB)Mikael HäggströmImproved metaphase cell
    24 des 2022, 20.29Miniatuer foar de ferzje fan 24 des 2022 om 20.2913.887 × 22.956 (20,02 MB)Mikael HäggströmMore realistic shapes of metaphase cell and chromosomes
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